Similarities And Differences Between Lord Of The Flies...

Harry Hook did an amazing job producing the movie â€Å"Lord of the Flies†, though not a lot of people enjoyed it as much as William Golding’s book. The novel was published in 1954 and the movie was first released in 1990. The movie had many amazing details you didn’t want to miss and it was fascinating to watch as well. On the other hand, the book had much more action and meaning. For me, both the movie and the book were captivating. However, some parts were completely different. In this essay, I will be comparing and contrasting the movie and the novel â€Å"Lord of the Flies†. Firstly in the novel, it was clear that the children were all English schoolboys, but in the film, the boys appeared to be American because the director was an†¦show more content†¦It was Jack who noticed Piggys glasses and told him he could use them to start a fire. On the other hand, in the film, it was Ralph who had the idea to use his glasses, because Jack’s relationship was very weak with â€Å"the boy who had asthma.† And they surely didn’t get along. Secondly, there were a lot of differences about the pig (Lord of the Flies) and the snake-like thing. In the movie when the boys were all sitting around the fire and Jack started telling them a scary story about a â€Å"thing.† Although if you watch the movie you’d know that the â€Å"beastie† came from the imagination and noises the littluns had been hearing each night. In the book, the beast (dead man) also got spotted by the boys tangled in a tree with his parachute, and when Ralph noticed him he said â€Å"It had teeth†¦. And big black eyes.† If you compare that to the film it turns out to be the opposite since a littlun from Jack’s tribe heard someone in a cave while hunting and described it is a monster. Now, let’s talk about the Pig or in other words the â€Å"Lord of the flies† and how Simon approached him in a different way. In the movie, Simon didn’t actually talk to the â€Å"Pig on a Stick†. He was halluc inating and imagining that the pigs head was talking to him. But, in reality, it was actually his line†¦ Fancy thinking the beast was something you could huntShow MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies Film Analysis1084 Words   |  5 Pagesadapted into a film. Lord of the Flies most definitely has these qualities like a strong conflict, interesting plot, and many literature techniques. Peter Brook created a film adaptation of Lord of the Flies in 1963. Peter Brook, director of the Lord of the flies film, did a commendable job of making the movie as similar as possible to the novel by William Golding. There are still a few key differences that make the novel much more compelling to read than watching the film. The movie was lacking in showingRead MoreApa: Comparison Between the Hunger Games and Lord of the Flies1576 Words   |  7 Pagesand contrasting the similarities and difference of group and individual survival between the Hunger Games by Suzanne Collin, Lord of the Flies by Willi am Golding, and the 1990 film of Lord of the Flies directed by Harry Hook. BY: Becky Coutlee April, 23, 2012 D.Smith Comparing and contrasting the similarities and difference of group and individual survival between the Hunger Games by Suzanne Collin, Lord of the Flies by William Golding, and the 1990 film of Lord of the Flies directed by Harry HookRead MoreThe Bad Seed Vs Lord Of The Flies1451 Words   |  6 PagesThe Lord of the Flies and â€Å"The Bad Seed† have some similarities and some differences. First, the Lord of the Flies and â€Å"The Bad Seed† are the same because they both show theories on where evil comes from, either nature or nurture. Additionally, they both show that children are capable of evil. On the other hand, The Lord of the Flies and â€Å"The Bad Seed† have some differences. First, the Lord of the Flies focuses on the nurture theory, or the theory that evil is fueled by surroundings, but â€Å"The BadRead MoreCivilization in Lord of the Flies546 Words   |  2 Pagesappeared. To be called uncouth is a grave insult. However, is civilization truly a p art of who humans are or is what they have come to associate with savagery more true to the human heart? Through Peter Brook and William Golding’s presentation of Lord of the Flies share the idea that â€Å"savagery† will overcome rational thought and when structure falls, the primitive mind will rule, Brook shows this primitiveness as more a part of the human psyche than an evil to be eliminated. Savagery overcomes formsRead MoreLord Of The Flies, By William Golding And The Perks Of Being A Wallflower1087 Words   |  5 PagesFor me, coming of age novels always grab my attention contrary to other genres. Novels such as Lord of the Flies by William Golding and The Perks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky are among some of my most beloved. In my junior year, I read A Separate Peace by John Knowles for my AP U.S. History class while I read The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger over the summer. A Separate Peace explores the rivalry that can lie at the heart of many friendships and conveys the concept of individualityRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Alexander Mcqueen and Christian Dior1539 Words   |  7 PagesAlexander McQueen, however is someone I have lived to see develop and become one of the greatest designers of all time. Although these two designers differ in their style and aesthetic, there is always more than meets the eye and there are many similarities be tween these two visionaries. Christian Dior was born in 1905 in Granville, which is a small town off the coast of Normandy. Ever since he was a little boy all Christian wanted to do was work in some aspect of the arts. He was the second born ofRead MoreMean Girls vs Lord of the Flies3842 Words   |  16 Pageseveryday between both men and women. The film Mean Girls, directed by Mark Walters, follows a young girl, Cady’s, transition from being home schooled to public high school. Cady enters the school’s group of mean girls, otherwise known as â€Å"the plastics†, which consists of Regina George, Gretchen Wieners, and Karen Smith. Throughout the film each character struggles with their true identity. There are also many power struggles, and violent actions toward each other. The novel Lord of the Flies, writtenRead MoreMedia Representation Of Art Crime3638 Words   |  15 Pagesinto view. The film debuted in 2014 to mixed reviews, but did a decent job of highlighting the importance of savi ng art and cultural heritage. Disturbingly, however, and not accurate in the historical sense, there did not exist the sexual tension between the only female character and the officer. This is not an instance of the ‘Hollywood Art Thief’, but the boy-meets-girl scenario somehow eked its way back into the script, cheapening the truth somehow. What is true, and alarming is that are the artRead More Rude Boy Music In Comparison With Gangster Rap Essay4815 Words   |  20 Pagesthey erupted in cheers. At first Selassie did not want to leave the plane. (Potash, 16) â€Å" If I dream, mon, every Rasta man’s dream, to fly home to Ethiopia and leave a-Babylon, where de politicians doan let I an’ I brethren be free and we own righteous way.†  ­ Bob Marley (Bradley, 16) This quote from Bob Marley shows the goal of most Rastafarian to fly back to Africa and live in Ethiopia. Rastafarians see Ethiopia as their homeland, and to fulfill a Rasta’s dream would to be leaving BabylonRead More C.S. Lewis on Misunderstanding Fantasy Essay4960 Words   |  20 Pagesgeneric labels, applied wholesale to fantastic literature, had pushed it off the radar until readers of Fantasy had become literary lepers, lurking in the corners of accepted literary societies. Recent big screen blockbusters such as The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring and its sequel, The Two Towers, as well as the two Harry Potter films have restored much attention to the oft-ignored genre. Despite the commercial success of the two fantastical franchises, however, Fantasy

Crime Theories - 739 Words

In the United States, from an early age we are taught that individual wealth is a measure of personal success. Wealthy people are viewed as powerful, happy, and successful. They are also viewed as having access to educational and occupational means that provide them with opportunities to increase their wealth. Strain theory as it relates to digital crime involves the feeling of people in the lower and middle social classes that they do not have equal opportunities or access to those same educational and occupational opportunities. Instead of pursuing legal means to increase their wealth, some of the people who commit white collar crimes are those from the lower and middle classes who are stressed and strained due to finances and their†¦show more content†¦(Marilyn Price, 2009) At one point in our lives we have felt a sense of inequity or strain. There are people struggling to make ends meet and put food on the table for their children. But there are some people who take the feeling and run with it, with no thought to who they may be hurting. They commit digital crimes such as identity theft, credit card fraud, or any other type of internet fraud scheme. Since the crime is committed via cyberspace versus on the street, victims have become faceless, therefore allowing digital criminals less incentive to feel guilt. One example of a non-digital crime that could be caused by the strain theory is bank robbery. There are several reasons why a person would commit a bank robbery. One would be because of financial strain. Another could be a sense of entitlement. The bank may be viewed as a representation of corporate American greed by the bank robber. For the most part, bank robbers rob banks for financial gain without any thought to the faceless account holders. Another example of a non-digital crime that could be caused by the strain theory is a charity scam. In Great Neck, New York, a couple funded a lavish lifestyle by setting up Coalition for Breast Cancer Cures, Inc, and a for-profit fundraising arm, The Resource Center. They used donations to pay for vacations, high-priced dinners, billsShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Crime And Crime1260 Words   |  6 PagesResponse Paper Crime in the 20th century has become one of the most widely studied areas of research. Today, I am going too briefly outline some of the theories of crime that are used to study the subject. What I will be evaluating these theories against will be small scale property crime such as theft. Classical theory states that crime is committed when there are more benefits to committing the crime than punishments. It also states that crime is a choice and is done with free will (BeccariaRead MoreThe Theories Of Crime And Crime1271 Words   |  6 PagesSince long time immemorial, many of people figured out explanations and theories about crime and those circumstances what encourage people to become criminals. Researchers of crime have looked of issues from different approaches, such as biological, psychological, and sociological. These developed thoughts created a fundamental basis of the criminology as a science and become to one of the most important issues of discipline. Furthermore, they figured out thoughts about who are criminals and howRead MoreThe Theory Of Crime And Crime2709 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction The term of crime represent an unlawful act punished by the state. Crime is something that is against the law. The common use of the term ‘Crime’ makes it main to define the limitations which construct it however, doing so is not simply a matter of common sense. There are a number of complex political and economic forces which help to define crime in practice within a specific society. The most commonly accepted definition of crime is ‘an act that is capable of being followed by criminalRead MoreThe Theories Of Crime Causation1076 Words   |  5 Pages This paper will examine the three main theories of crime causation which comprise the Criminological Theory as well as provide some examples of each. The three main theories of crime causation are biological, sociological and psychological. Each of the three theories have come a long way since their inception and continue to be updated due to new findings through technological and medical advances. It also must be noted that these are theories and due to various factors and drawbacks to eachRead MoreTheories Of Crime : Robbery1514 Words   |  7 PagesTheories of Crime – Robbery Introduction Understanding patterns and motivation of crimes is important for solving the mysteries surrounding them. 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Even though there was talk on the code of law and how crime should be handled from years ago, according to Sie gel, the science of criminologyRead MoreTheories of Crime Comparison1157 Words   |  5 PagesTheories on Crime Comparison Angelika L. Arnold AJS/542 May 20, 2013 Marcela Morales Theories on Crime Comparison For several years, theorists have come to the conclusion that people commit crimes for several differentRead MoreThe Social Theory Of Crime Essay1548 Words   |  7 Pagestypes of theories that try explaining why crime continues to occur in everyday society. Although, only one theory in particular throughout my research stood out. This theory is the purpose of this research paper and that theory is the Social Process Theory, also known as the Social learning theory. This theory believes that criminality is a function of a person’s interactions with many organizations, intuitions, and processes in society. Theory The definition of the Social Process Theory is the ongoingRead MoreThe Sociological Theories Of Crime Essay1329 Words   |  6 PagesMany people have different theories as to why crime exists. Some believe crime happens because of the individual’s culture, education (or lack there of), or even their race. Others believe crime is associated with whom we surround ourselves with. There are three sociological theories that suggest why crime happens in society; they are social learning theory, social control theory, and social reaction (labeling) theory. These theories suggest it is our relationships and social interactions that influenceRead MoreThe Theories Of Crime Causation Essay1414 Words   |  6 Pages Theories of Crime Causation Dolores Jackson Williams Colorado Technical University Juvenile offender 1. Biological theory states that the individual will have certain traits will be transmitted from parent to children through genetics and not from social learning. Along with the juvenile having similar facial characteristics, which some believe also predisposes them to criminal behavior (Palmerin, 2012). 2. Rational choice theory states that the person will make sensible and reasonable

Determination of Factors Contributing to Success free essay sample

These factors will be uncovered by nalyzing the internal and external factors influencing strategic alliances and the phases through which these alliances evolve. In order to provide this research study with a practical element two case studies within the airline industry have been incorporated, namely the Swissair Qualiflyer Alliance and Star Alliance. These case studies represent a successful and an unsuccessful alliance, which are analyzed on a basis of the provided literature study, in this case the phases through which these evaluation of the case studies numerous supportive results were identified, ontributing toward establishing determinant factors, which emphasize the importance of a successful implementation of the different phases, however limitations affect the reliability of this study, due to the lack of evidence found in various different phases. Keywords: strategic alliances, internal and external factors, strategic alliance phases Introduction In past years a visible increase in the amount of strategic alliances, concerning firms with varying economic objectives, was observed (Das, Teng 2000). Strategic alliances are the relatively enduring inter-firm cooperative arrangements, involving flows and inkages that utilize resources and/or governance structures from autonomous organizations, for the Joint accomplishment of individual goals linked to the corporate mission of each sponsoring firm (Parkhe 1991, p. ). The amount of strategic alliances has recently doubled, predicting additional raise in the future (Booz, Allen, Hamilton 1997). Especially alliances in the form of non-equity based, which are defined as two or more firms developing a contractual-relationship in order to establish competitive advantage by combining resources and capabilities (Globerman 007), have increased in importance which is visible in non equity alliances accounting for 80 per cent (Hagedoorn 1996). Strategic alliances provide firms with the opportunity to recognize synergies through combining operations, such as in research and development, manufacturing etc (Aaker 1995; Addler 1966). The growth of strategic alliances is related to growing competition and globalization (Das, Teng 2000). This is in alignment with Doz and Hamels (1998) view which states that globalization as well as changes in economic activities is a consequence for the growth in strategic alliances, which is visible in various different industries Hagedoorn 1993). The primary reasons for the growth of the number of alliances is 1) the ability of cost savings in executing operations 2) the ability to access particular markets 3) the reducing of financial and political risk in addition to cheapest labor and production costs (Wheelen, Hungar 2000). A strategic alliance by definition is a hybrid organizational form which Jensen and Meckling (1991) refer to as a network organization. Harbison and Pekar (1998) highlight numerous common characteristics visible within strategic alliances, namely a required commitment of at least ten years, he connection of the partners is based on equity or on shared capabilities, a complementary relationship based on a shared strategy, increasing companies value in the market place, the pressuring of competitors and the willingness of sharing and leveraging core capabilities. Nevertheless, strategic alliances have noticeable high instability rates (Das, Teng 2000); furthermore, according to Kalmbach and Roussel (1999) the failure rates are approximately as high as 70 per cent. Studies conducted by Das and Teng (2000) reportedly state that encountered problems are witnessed in he first two years of two thirds of all alliances. This study is going to provide a more in-depth analysis on the factors that are necessary for determining success in all strategic alliances. Starting with an analysis of strategic alliances based on the as to which extent these factors play a crucial role in the determination of success rate of strategic alliances. In order to incorporate a practical view on the strategic alliances, this study will additionally implement two case studies to the analysis. Conceptual Model [pic] This conceptual model starts the literature study on strategic alliances as a central concept. From this central concept, emphasis is drawn on internal and external factors influencing strategic alliances, as well as on the different phases through which alliance evolve. Additionally, strategic alliances lead to either successful or unsuccessful alliances. Based on the research from Bronder and Pritzl (1992), Hoffmann and Schlosser (2001), Waddock (1989) and Wolhstetter, Smith and Malloy (2005), a framework of seven phases is established. Within these seven phases the most important activities and processes are analyzed, including reasoning behind strategic alliances, potential intensions for forming strategic alliances, partner election, external factors influencing the design of the strategic alliance, negotiation methods, followed by the structuring of the alliance. Furthermore, implementation and management of the strategic alliance is examined. Finally, the last two phases concerning the evaluation of the formation of strategic alliances and the termination of the partnership are discussed. Resulting from this literature study are two outcomes, namely a successful implementation of the phases and an unsuccessful implementation. In order to apply a practical element to this thesis, two case studies ill be analyzed, those of Qualiflyer, which turned out to be an unsuccessful alliance and Star Alliance, which was able to incorporate a success strategic alliance in the airline industry. After analyzing the cases the findings compared to the literature analysis, will hopefully correlate to each other and the determinants that influence more success in alliances can be established. Problem Statement Based on past literature research studys the outcomes of implementing strategic alliances as a change strategy in organizations is unfavorable, especially when looking at the failure rates. Nevertheless, the adoption of strategic alliances is a customary implemented firm strategy (Gulati 1998), as a means of securing their competitive position. Much research is conducted in order to provide more guidance in determining factors that achieve sustainable strategic alliances, therefore in this thesis the main research question is; What factors determine the success of strategic alliances? This research question will be addressed by the help of analyzing and answering these various sub-questions; Why do firms choose strategic alliances as a change process? What are the potential ntentions of a strategic alliance? activities and processes occur in which phase? Preview of the organization of the thesis This report begins by indicating the problem that strategic alliances are a favorable organizational change strategy in the business world today, however the failure rate is extremely high. Secondly, by applying literature analysis the main determinants influencing more success in strategic alliances will be uncovered, which will be coupled to the case study part of the thesis where the determinants will be compared to the specific cases. Finally, the thesis will conclude on the part if the eterminants uncovered in the literature study correlate to the findings in the case study. Methodology and Research Design In this thesis the methodology contained two specific approaches, including a literature study as well as evaluating two case studies. Firstly, the literature analysis was conducted; with as primary focus an in-depth analysis of academic articles. The findings of the literature study are compared to two case studies, those of the Qualiflyer alliance and Star Alliance. These two cases were chosen because they represent the different outcomes an alliance can hold, namely the successful mplementation the alliance strategy at Star Alliance and the unsuccessful outcome of an alliance strategy of the Qualiflyer alliance. In addition, even though these two examples vary substantially in size, which provides difficulty when comparing the two alliances, they both started off at reasonably the same size; therefore this thesis incorporated these two examples anyway. This evaluation will be conducted by means of desk research, exploring the different implementations of this strategy. The time frame of the case studies is from the first phase up until the last phase, through hich they evolved, in order to identify dependent unsuccessful and successful aspects. The significance of implementing case studies in this thesis is relating the findings from the literature analysis to real life cases of both a successful alliances as well as a non-successful alliance. Furthermore, comparing if the determinants of success found in the literature analysis correlate with the factors observed in the cases. Internal versus External factors Influencing Strategic Alliances Our internal tensions perspective framework (Figure 2, Appendices) of strategic alliances comprises three airs of competing forces-namely, cooperation versus competition, rigidity versus flexibility, and short-term versus long-term orientations (Das, Teng 2000). Competition is defined as pursuing ones own interest at the expense of others, while cooperation is the pursuit of mutual interests and common benefits in alliances. This tension of cooperation versus competition is most salient in selecting alliance partners, the first of three major stages in the alliance making process, along with structuring and managing an alliance (Das, Teng 1997). In conclusion, the stability and success of trategic alliances will be inversely related to the difference between the cooperation level and the competition level. Rigidity refers to the characteristics of mutual to adapt, unencumbered by rigid arrangements. The dominance of either flexibility or rigidity may change the status quo and trigger the evolution of a new structure, which leads to unsuccessful alliances. Therefore, the stability of strategic alliances will be inversely related to the difference between the rigidity level and the flexibility level. Short-term orientation views strategic alliances as transitional in nature, with a emand for quick and tangible results, whereas long-term orientation regards alliances as at least semi permanent entities, so that more patience and commitment are exercised. A strategy that reflects only one temporal orientation is not compatible with the foundation for a sustainable strategic alliance, in other words the stability of strategic alliances will be inversely related to the difference between the short-term orientation and the long-term orientation. Furthermore, the three internal pairs of contradictory forces are interrelated within an evolving system, resulting in the ollowing propositions, namely that the levels of rigidity and cooperation will be positively related when the partners have a short-term orientation in strategic alliances. However, a negative relatedness at a high level of rigidity, cooperation and rigidity (Das, Teng 2000). will be negatively related when the partners have a long- term orientation in strategic alliances (Das, Teng 2000). According to Das and Teng (2000) the contradictions and tensions in these force-pairs may lead to an overthrow of the status quo namely, the strategic alliance. Strategic alliances can nevertheless e sustained and successful if a careful balance between these competing forces can be maintained. According to Todeva and Knoke (2005) external factors influence alliance formation, due to differing economic condition and organizational frameworks in partnering countries; these can include legal requirements, price controls, distribution channels and contract enforcement. Furthermore, these regulative state activities comprehend the freedom when firms are forming alliances. Moreover, the formation of an alliance necessitates the authorization of national governments. Additionally, of influence to the formation of alliances is the omplicated collection of relations visible with firms, such as business associations, local governments and elite universities. On an industrial note alliances are influenced on an interflrm basis by direct impacts, where the decision on which activities to internalize is based on severity of competition within the industry and the organization of ad hoc product markets, in the challenge for increased market share, the cooperation for specific advantages and the process of internationalization (Todeva, Knoke 2005) . The partner under consideration for the formation of an alliance is in a certain sense an external factor. Firms are susceptible in the case of partnering with a dominant firm (Pennings 1994), due to technical and economic rationales. Thus, technology is a specific part of the process to establishing organizational boundaries as well as intrinsic structures. Of importance to alliances is obtaining research and development advantages, which to certain extent differs across industries on terms of expenses and the sources provided by the government (Todeva, Knoke 2005). Every alliance design commences with negotiations, thereafter the phase of structuring the alliance in which various aspects are aligned, such as he objectives of both parties, organizational structures, functional operations and cultures (Ring, van de Ven 1994). The distinguishing of phases through which strategic alliances evolve plays an essential role in the development toward successful alliances, which according to Bronder and Pritzl (1992) evolves through the three stages, which are categorized as strategic decision, confguration of strategic alliance and partner selection. Where Bronder and Pritzl terminate their research on the establishment of phases other researchers continue in identifying essential phases, for the reason that partner election as final phase represents an incomplete evolution of strategic alliances. With regard to the research conducted by Hoffmann and Schlosser (2001), the identification of strategic alliance phases resulted in a five phase path through which strategic alliances evolve, namely strategic analysis and decision to cooperate, search for a partner, designing the partnership, implementation and management of the partnership and finally termination. When comparing both Bronder and Pritzls (1992) and Hoffman and Schlossers (2001) phases, a comparison is visible in the primary hases of strategic alliances, namely the strategic analysis and decision to cooperate (Hoffmann, Schlosser 2001) which corresponds with the strategic decision phase from Bronder and Pritzl (1992). Furthermore, the partner selection phase is visible in both frameworks on strategic alliance phase. The main difference between the two studies is the more detailed approach from Hoffmann and Schlosser (2001) also distinguishing phases after the partner selection process. Finally, a study building on Waddocks (1989) work, which suggests that strategic alliances progress through hree phases, which are identified as initiation, establishment and maturity, Wohlstetter, Smith and Malloy (2005) consistently debated that the strategic alliances process is organized into three similar phases namely initiation, operations and evaluation. When comparing these views with the earlier stated reasoning on strategic alliance phases merely a fguration is enabled as to which phases from Bronder and Pritzl (1992) and Hoffmann and Schlosser (2001) are in comparison with Wohlstetters et al (2005) view and could be placed within their views, for example the artner selection phase distinguished the above stated views is probably placed within the initiation phase identified by Wohlstetter et al. (2005). In order to provide this thesis with an in-depth view on the phases through which strategic alliances evolve a combination of the three above stated views is implemented. Phase 1: Strategic Decision According to Bronder and Pritzl (1992) a clarification of the firms position is to be analyzed, refer ably because this is identified as the first direction toward alliance formation. Pumpin (1987), states that the evaluation of the actual situation of the firm s identified by exploring its mission, possible values and core competencies. Additionally, the firm identifies the reasoning behind incorporating an alliance strategy. According to Eisenhardt and Schoonhoven (1996), Harrigan (1985), Link and Bauer (1989), Pisano (1991) and Teece (1992) technological change faced by firms is related to the favorability toward flexible organizational forms like alliances. Additionally, Ciborra (1991) and Oster (1992) state that high-tech industries, in which learning and flexibility are key characteristics, will preferably choose alliances, lexibility, firms favorably adopt a merger and acquisition strategy. The flexibility of strategic alliances is suitable as organizational structure due to the fast expiring of new knowledge and the lengthy learning time from partners (Eisenhardt, Schoonhoven, 1996; Hagedoorn 1993). Furthermore, these flexible organizational structures appear more effectively in uncertain environmental situations when adjusting to changes (Lawrence, Lorsch 1967; Pffeffer, Salancik 1978). In continuation of Powells (1996) view, Hagedoorn and Duysters (2002) predict that strategic alliance xperience positively contribute to choosing alliances as instrument for obtaining external innovative capabilities. This view is aligned with that of Kogut et al. (1992) and Gulati (1993) who accentuate the relationship between actual alliance formation and past alliances, however emphasize on a more social basis. Therefore, the formation of strategic alliances is dependent on both strategic as well as social factors. According to Eisenhardt and Schoonhoven (1996), an extension of the resource-based view provides a basis for examining the relationship through which alliances form by means of strategic and social resources. This research study contributed numerous outcomes on strategic alliances to existing literature, namely that increasingly challenging market conditions and Jeopardous organizational strategies result into an increase of alliance formations as an organizational change process. Additionally, of importance to the rate of formation of alliances are managerial characteristics, visible when large, experienced teams were implemented through previous employers, the rates of alliances increased (Eisenhardt, Schoonhoven 1996). In conclusion of their research Eisenhardt and Schoonhoven 1996) state that in cases of either a vulnerable strategic situations or a strong social situation the likelihood of the formation of strategic alliances increase. Phase 2: Initiation Phase The initiation phase is characterized by informal structures and communication channels as the critical issue is the development and understanding of the purpose for strategic alliances (Waddock 1989). According to Hitt et al. 1997), the potential intentions to be realized behind entering into strategic alliances are categorized into three market types 1) namely markets characterized by slow cycle, which adopt trategic alliances for original intentions such as the gaining of access to restricted markets, establishing franchises in a new market and maintaining market stability 2) in markets characterized by a standard cycle amongst the intentions able to be achieved are the gaining of market power and access to complementary resources, over coming trade barriers, gaining knowledge and learning about new business techniques 3) in the final market, the fast cycle, the achievable goals are the speeding up of the entry of new products and services in addition to new markets, maintaining he market leadership position, sharing the risky Research and Development expenses and overcoming uncertainty. Furthermore, several internal conditions drive the initiation phase including, a champion taking responsibility, complementary needs and assets, compatible goals and trust. According to Waddock (1989), the main responsibility of the champion is the guidance of the organization through the initiation phase, especially visible in the process of partner selection. Stated in the initiation phase is essential for identifying needs in addition to the process of partner selection. Complementary needs and assets appear in various different forms, however is one of the main reasons for partnering (Oliver 1990; Robertson 1998). Additionally, the main goal of partnering is achieving compatible goals among the partners, which might not have been achieved otherwise (Austin 2000; Das, Teng 1998; Kanter 1994; Oliver 1990; Robertson 1998; Spillett 1999). Finally, the initiation phase stands no chance without trust, which is mainly established through existing networks (Austin, 2000; Waddock 1989; Waide 1999), within these networks similar interests are the main characteristic. Phase 3: Partner Selection The purpose behind strategic alliance partnering is to initiate and prolong a long- term partnership, which enables more effective competition with others firms which are positioned outside the partnership Carillo 1988; Walker, Poppo 1991). The crucial decision toward the correct partner selection is the primary focus after pursuing this alliance strategy (Hitt, Tyler, Hardee, Park 1995). According to Koot (1988) the selecting of a partner is a complex process however crucial to the success of an alliance. In the partner selection process perspectives of both resource-based and organizational earning provide an explanation as to why certain partners are selected (Barkema, Bell, Pennings 1996). In explanation, firms own certain resource endowments (Barney 1991) however, in order to obtain a competitive position in a specific market supplementary resources are necessary (Hitt, Nixon, Clifford, Coyne 1999), which is the main objective for engaging in strategic alliances. Hitt et al. (2000) argues that of importance to the partner selection process is the firms embeddedness in both emerging markets and developed markets. Furthermore, the access to necessary esources for leveraging as well as the obtaining of capabilities for learning are primary reasons for the selection of partners. Table 1 in the Appendices, state the concluding outcomes on the selection of partners by Hitt et al. (2000), which explains the fundamental elements of the process toward partner selection. Eisenhardt and Schoonhoven (1996) and Dacin and Olivers (1997) view state that legitimacy enhancements are an additional intention for establishing alliances, therefore the partner selection process is focused on those providing strong intangible assets, for example strong reputations. According to Bronder and Pritzl (1992) critical to the partner selection process is the establishment of fundamental, strategic and cultural fit. This fundamental fit is achieved if a win-win situation for both parties is established and potential value is increased. The strategic fit is realized when the alliance involves partners with harmony of the business plans. Finally, the cultural fit is an essential success factor for partner selection, which is accomplished after acceptance of cultural differences among the partners. Phase 4: Designing the Partnership Niederkofler (1991) argues that the negotiation process must essentially interpret learly understandable resources and interests of the partners involved, in order for the creation of strategic and organizational fit to be achieved, which will direct the accomplished through open and detailed communication, circumventing hidden agendas of any sort. The consequence of this open communication translates into a coherent attitude of sincerity toward the different partners, which demands trust. In addition to strategic fit, the negotiation process also initiates a solid basis for the enforcement of an operational fit within the partnership, which can be viewed in Figure 1 of the Appendices. An important aspect of the negotiation process is the creation of flexibility, which is increased through contract provisions in addition to developing and prolonging of trust. The process of conquering complexity in operations embarks with the communication of the discovered complexity, followed by a tracking and solving of this difficulty, which results in the avoidance of any operational unalignments. The flexibility within the partnering arrangement, in addition to trust, permits renegotiation processes within the partnership; however a coherent basis must be accomplished (Niederkofler 1991). The success of alliances is highly dependent on a competent and effective alignment, therefore of importance is the designing of the partnership, thus the structure implemented. This structure is in need of a fine constructed collection of strategy, procedures and management views, which can be viewed as the internal alignment (Miles, Snow 1994). In the process of obtaining internal alignment interests as well as environmental aspects must be balanced between the partners, enabling a profitable situation (Douma, Bilderbeek, Idenburg, Looise 2000). Additionally, their framework, Figure 3, Appendices, stress the act that the five features must sufficiently be aligned to prevent failure. One of the features, namely strategic fit, is established when expected advantages and possible risks are weighed against that of the individual interests in the alliance. Various driver of strategic fit can be identified, starting with a shared vision. Further conditions necessary for strategic fit are compatibility of strategies (Brouthers, Brouthers, Wilkinson 1993), strategic importance (Doz 1988), acceptance into the market and mutual dependency. In addition to strategic fit, organizational fit is a ecessity, however due to the differences in many aspects, such as market position, organizational structure and views, management style, this is a complex task. By clarifying these differences an understanding between partners is achieved. Numerous drivers toward organizational fit are identified, namely as stated above the addressing of organizational differences (Doz 1988) furthermore, essential drivers are facilitating strategic and organizational flexibility, minimal complexity to enhance manageability (Killing 1988), efficient management control, enhancing long-term tability by investigating possible strategic conflicts and finally, the achievement of the strategic objective. Of influence, however to lesser extent are the three remaining features in the framework, which are human, operational and cultural fit. Human fit is particularly of importance in alliances processes (Boersma 1999) and according to Lewis (1990) the cultural fit is specifically an issue among employers and employees, which translates to their functioning in for example boardrooms. Finally, operational fit, also relates to the functioning of the alliance and is often susceptible to various ontingencies, therefore must be aligned. Research and Development activities have gradually evolved since the 1980s (Peterson, 1991). Creamer (1976) and Pearce (1989) identified three primary types of Research and Development activities, namely basic purpose is an understanding of the inherent and fundamental scientific development, however disregarding commercial applications. Furthermore, applied research employs knowledge conceived from the basic research to certain dimensions such as technical problems or related commercial technology aspects. In conclusion, basic research generates new facts and theories which are thereafter roven through applied research. These proven facts are generated into products and processes in the development stadium. The intention of development activities is the configuration of applied research contributions into commercially feasible products, processes and technologies Oansen 1995; Jones, Davis 2000). Phase 5: Implementation and Management of the Partnership The role of the management of strategic alliances is valuable for the progression of the alliance toward a successful outcome, however it is complex to manage (Koza, Lewin 2000). An important aspect in serving this complexity is the acquiring of nowledge from past engaging in alliances, which provides meaningful know-how to be leveraged (Kale, Dyer, Singh 2001). The framework of the four Cs of learning and leveraging alliance know how provides a tool for obtaining valuable knowledge. The four components in the framework are, capture, codify, communicate and create, and coach (Kale, Dyer, Singh 2001), also visible in Figure 4, Appendices. Capture refers to managements role of accessing and obtaining of valuable alliance insights and past experiences. To codify past experiences and practices contributes to the accomplishing of alliance specific needs. In order to have a common thread through the organization on these past knowledge practices, communication is essential in sharing experiences. Additionally, the creation of networks within the alliance facilitates the distribution of these valuable experiences and knowledge. Intrinsically executed coaching and education programs increase the ability to obtain alliance skills. An additional benefit from coaching is the establishment of informal social networks, which provides assistance in key situations. Furthermore, networks are critical to the development of opportunities, the assessing of concepts and obtaining esources in order to construct the new partnership (Aldrich, Zimmer 1986). The incorporation of social networks within a firm improves communication between partners, which in turn results in improved decision making processes (Gulati 1993). Various intentions for the implementation of networks can be identified, one specific is the preserving of advantages (Lorenzoni, Baden- Fuller 1995). According to Madhaven, Koka and Prescott (1998) the initiation of inter-organizational networks is created by exogenous factors, which could include competition background and specific industrial activities. Building on this theory, Gulati et al. (1997) argues that the initiation of these inter-organizational networks is dependent on two aspects, namely exogenous resource dependencies, which achieve motivation of the cooperation and an endogenous embeddedness dynamic, which in turn familiarizes toward partner selection. According to Stinchcombe (1990), in flows of network information meaningful views are discovered,

What role do competing political interests play in Essays

What role do competing political interests play in the implementation of poverty reduction policies? Poverty is a universal term and poverty elimination is a universal motto. Poverty destroys individuals, societies and nations. Poverty is hunger. Poverty is lack of shelter. It is the state of being sick but unable to see a doctor (Gordon et al., 2003). It is the condition which doesn't allow one to have basic necessities in life. Poverty is the condition of not having a job and no resources to live with. It brings fear of future. It is the synonym of powerlessness, lack of representation and freedom (Gordon et al., 2000). Poverty can retard the overall growth of a society. It can negatively affect the progress of the nation itself. "Poverty is produced by circumstances, not individuals," (Fincher Wulff, 1998). Economic crisis increases the so-called 'poverty sector', leading to joblessness and social unrest. A proper planning and a better utilization of the available resources of the nation will lessen the poverty level to a great extent (Narayan Parker, 2000). Diverting the existing resource to the disadvantaged people is the need of the hour. Every nation needs a proper governing authority to plan, accomplish and accelerate its growth. In developing countries especially, governments and political parties lead the show and try to bring progress to the society and stability to the economy by eliminating the curses like poverty. The ruling party and other political parties try to uplift the general status of the society and go deep into the problems and grievances of the people to a certain extent. Even though they do have opinion disputes and conflicts among them, they contribute a lot for the progress of the society and nation (especially rural areas where poverty is still a problem) (Pantazis, Gordon Levitas, 2006). Political interests and competitions play a major role in eliminating poverty from the nations. In the third world countries especially, political parties contribute a lot for the development works. Political parties try to perform well during their ruling tenure and take various actions for the negatively privileged sections of the society. They try to look into the agonies of the people of ill developed areas since such areas have the majority of the population in it. These less developed areas would be eagerly looking forward for a government which can help them to improve their total grade. No political party can ever think of getting rule in their hand without the votes of these majority weaker sections. So these thickly populated less developed areas are very important as far as political parties are concerned. They try to give alluring promises in their election campaign so that they can drain the votes of these areas. Filling the manifesto with various poverty reduction policies will definitely help the political parties to get the ballot in their favour. Poverty reduction will be the proclaimed motto of political parties of less developed countries. When they come into rule, these parties try to implement their poverty reduction policies to a certain extent at least. Political parties are very well aware of the fact that unless they bother about the poverty-stricken areas, nation will not see any progress in general and also they will not get the following election in their favour. Increasing number of political parties has thus favoured the development of nations in many ways. Progress of the nation is the declared motto of politics though we should doubt how far it is true in the cases of certain countries that have a corrupted political atmosphere. Interest groups play a major role in the flow of democracy, especially in developing countries. Numerous interest groups exist in countries where there are more issues and problems. A political interest group can be a group, who tries to influence the government in order to get their interest about the society done. These political parties, especially the main opposition parties can fight to get their demands met by the government. In certain cases opposition parties perform extremely well and they do represent the weaker sections. They can point out the flaws and weaknesses of the ruling party and can help them improve their rule. These competing political forces are of different nature. They vary in their size, ideology, policy focus, influential capability, and mode of representation. For example, some groups may focus on certain issues or geographical areas and some may be interested in certain special topics. Also there are certain political groups who work on broader areas of public policy. Certain interest groups focus on government alone to get their demands done whereas

Global Hotels and Motels free essay sample

The industry is also labor intensive. In a competitive industry, sales people who take the time to understand clients’ needs can hold an advantage. Staff costs are significant as success in the hotel industry is strongly influenced by the quality of the service provided. Supplier power is assessed as moderate overall. The hotels motels industry is strongly influenced by travel and tourism trends. The situation within the industry has changed significantly in recent years. The business used to be strong and the biggest challenge was finding space to book. Now that it is a buyer’s market, most hotel sales people are faced with the challenge of finding customers. The recent global economic downturn had an adverse effect on the industry’s performance and now more than ever, most hoteliers are searching for demand generators and are relying on direct sales to impact revenues and fill the significant void left by the ailing economy. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Hotels and Motels or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This may act as deterrent for newcomers; however, the growth forecast is positive, which may boost the risk of new entrants in future. It is possible to enter the industry in a relatively low-key way by opening a small, independent hotel or motel as a sole proprietor. However, the industry is capital intensive, and for a large-scale entrance, upfront investment in buildings, decor and furnishings, ICT infrastructure and staff is expensive. In a highly competitive business, conducting operations using all the latest technology, as well as constantly developing the tools and skills required, is essential (e. g. allowing travelers to check in to hotel rooms remotely). The more demanding customer of the future will want to engage with a hotel across all touch points (i. e. text, email, and social media) where appropriate. Hotels will need to capture and store more data, yet access to it must be faster and more targeted in order to personalize the guest experience. As tourism is not a vital consumer good, it will tend to be cyclical and travelers are increasingly expecting bargain rates while refusing to tolerate lapses in quality and service. To sustain revenue growth in the premium market, operating a chain of hotels is often an important strategy as it reduces dependence on tourism in any particular location. However, in order to open an international chain of hotels, regulations in terms of real estate and buying abroad need to be taken into consideration and can therefore be restrictive in some countries. The purchase, leasing, and management of property may involve legal and financial complexities, necessitating spending on professional services. Globalization is an important key driver within the industry, with emerging markets, i. e. Russia, India and China, offering significant opportunities, but it also involves employing various business strategies and extra costs.

The Passion of Youth Literature Comparison Essay Example

The Passion of Youth Literature Comparison Essay Example The Passion of Youth Literature Comparison Essay The Passion of Youth Literature Comparison Essay Essay Topic: Mrs Dalloway When trying to find one’s standpoint and ambition’s within civilization we find that there is regulation that runs the lives of each person, which causes one to accompany a regular clash to recognize who they are and what they really want in life. Capturing and understanding the true wants for one’s self is possibly the most troublesome effort that one may encounter. In the realistic and social novel, Mrs. Dalloway, by Virginia wolf, â€Å"Sonnet 73,† by William Shakespeare and the poem, â€Å"His Excuse for Loving,† by Ben Jonson, we see that love, youth and death are the prominent factors that lie within how these characters perceive life. The characters in these stories forget about the luster that is life; they look upon the passion in youth to shape views on people and life in the present and while in this loss of luster in life they form views on death. The repressive thoughts that holds them from their ultimate desire and how they look upon the younger loved ones in their life holds these stories together which then all leads to the thought that death would be prosperity. These people feel they have wasted life by always reminiscing to youth to look for clues on how to run their present life which causes them to feel emptiness and loneliness in their current life. Even though these narratives share very similar themes they are different stories so there are different conditions that make them feel this way. The protagonist Clarissa from Mrs. Dalloway looks upon into her younger ages to a girl named sally Seton when a time filled with great affection who now in present time is married, but with the thought if she had made the right choice. Clarissa looks upon death as something physical. Shakespeare instead of looking at death as something physical he sees death to be of his youth and devotion. Also does Shakespeare look to his you th, but it is his younger lover who he is talking about and longing for; he knows what he want

Instructional Planning and Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Instructional Planning and Strategies - Essay Example This type of strategy helps the students to learn more effectively by communicating with each other and do their work with a little fun with their friends. In group assignments students take active participation in the tasks that has been assigned to them. This strategy also encourages the students to teach other students of their group who are little weaker in their studies. (Goleman, D. 1998) Another type of strategy that is been commonly practiced is Collaborative Strategy. This is a type of strategy which is used for broader groups or large groups. This strategy is used for the interactions of larger groups to communicate with each other. In classroom environment this type of strategy is not suitable because in classes the group formation is smaller. This strategy is useful for making school communities, discussion group of faculty and students of school and other broader groups which have much complicated issues to discuss with each other. (Goleman, D. 1998) The Strategy that I have chosen to implement in the classroom is Co-Operative Instructional Strategy. The reason why I chosen the Co-operative strategy rather than collaborative strategy is that it encourages the student to achieve their tasks more efficiently and effectively because this strategy helps the students to achieve the common goals that have been given by the instructor. ... Students in groups also know that there success depends upon team work and every one has to try his/her best to achieve the desired result. It also provides students to learn with more well defined frame work from which they learn from each other in a group. (Johnson, D. & Johnson, R. 1998) The importance of Co-operative Strategy is becoming very fruitful now days. Many teachers are applying this strategy in classrooms to make students feel comfortable and enjoy their studies. Implementing this strategy also improve the self-esteem of students; students who have disabilities for learning also accept this type of learning style and their attitude towards the school eventually becomes good. (Johnson, D. & Johnson, R. 1998) CIRCUMSTANCES FOR IMPLEMENTING THE STRATEGY There are certain conditions that have to be followed for successive results while implementing Co-Operative Strategy. When applying this strategy the teachers must do careful planning and well preparation before going in classrooms. They have to brainstorm their minds that how they will implement the strategy and what would be alternatives regarding this approach if the implementation goes wrong. They should plan and prepare that how they will interact with their students in class and how will they make the environment of classroom more interactive Another condition is the proper formation of groups because if groups are not formed properly then the results of the strategy will not be appropriate. The instructor has to form groups in such a way that every one in the group feels good about their group members and every group has one or two members that are more intelligent then others so that they can teach the group members as well.

I used to live here once by Jean Rhys Discuss how this visit reflects Essay

I used to live here once by Jean Rhys Discuss how this visit reflects her feelings of displacement, taking into - Essay Example The story is thus more of an autobiography where the author talks about her life. The title of the story is symbolic as she wrote many literary works about the Dominican Republic during her school in Britain. The short story I Used to Live Here Once is a small story in a collection of stories Sleep It off Lady. Therefore, the story is symbolic as it amplifies the despair, loneliness, and psychological trauma that come along with isolation in the persona life as she lacks a real identity and people to identify with. Frickey (100) explains that the story being very short has been symbolically placed in the novel to signify a case of finale, which may signify the return of Rhys after many years of exile to Dominican Republic. The strong emotional presentation of the persona’s return in the story is crucial because of an important incidence in her life. The story is presented in a third person presentation, implying the narrator is not part of the story, which may signify lack of identity as the narrator was removed from her ancestral home, she lost her identity and she presents herself as another person in case of duality. The title signifies the narrator is the main actor, but the use of third person may reflect loss of identity as explained. The story is an emotional reflection, where the persona recalls her past life, and the developments that had occurred with her absence, recounting the mysterious journeys in life and the effects they had in her life. The fragmentation is the main style employed in the narrative: the author balances the present and past throughout the story, in connecting memories and the present until the end. Symbolism is another major stylistic device employed by the author. At the beginning, the author describes her surroundings as a â€Å"blue day,† and that the sky looked â€Å"glassy† (Rhys 358). The blue day is symbolic of the clarity that the narrator remembers all events and her past life in the place she used t o call home. However, glassy represents the new ‘unremembered’ life that signifies the new life as she closes the river to search for her lost heavens. The sky looks glassy therefore signifies the unclear that she steps into after closing the river. This glassy and blue sky looks portray the reflections of the persona between the past that she clearly remembers, and knew, and a new life that is not clear to her. Frickey further argues that â€Å"she† is extraordinarily happy walking alone, recognizing the previous settings and noting the changes (100). Everything was thus much clear the persona, making her happy. The novel starts as she is standing at the bank of a river, watching the flowing water, remembering each stepping stone (Rhys 358), and everything was as she remembered. Flowing water is symbolic of the rolling wheels of life. The persona is reflecting on how life has passed, and she clearly remembers each detail of her life as symbolized by stones. The unsafe stone was perhaps what had caused her disconnect and removal from her ancestral home; as agitation by the natives increased symbolized by overflowing water, they were forced to exile. Wilson (68) explains that Rhys was just like other people who were forced to exile and disconnected from their ancestry, and their past. The session at the river therefore signifies reflection of how life has passed and the events that have happened since they were removed from their land. The theme of isolation and

Global Positioning System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Global Positioning System - Essay Example The system calculates the position of the receiver by Triangulation method, which is similar to manner in which a seismologist locates position of an earthquake epicentre using arrival time of seismic waves. When distance from one satellite is measured, the position gives us radius of a sphere. Similar measurement from another satellite gives another sphere intersecting the first in an overlapping region of a circle. The third measurement gives another sphere intersecting the circle at two points. Now one of the two points can be eliminated by either a fourth measurement, or due to unreasonable location or speed. Thus we have an accurate position of the GPS receiver. This position can be determined by just two measurements at sea level due to a well defined datum, and software assisted elimination of unreasonable datum. Now with known speed of signal and extremely accurate time keeping, the distance from the satellites can be calculated accurately. With more than four satellites normally visible at any given time, position calculated becomes more accurate with each additional satellite. Satellite Configuration Geometry causes the position information to be suspect due to position of satellites themselves, if they are bunched together the position accuracy will suffer negatively and if they are more or less well spread out in space, the accuracy is much better. This aspect is called Dilution of Position (DOP). GPS Signa Limitations and Future of GPS There are some inherent limitations of the GPS as given below: GPS Signal Reception. Accurate functioning of a GPS receiver requires at least four GPS satellites. These signals cannot penetrate water or soil. Hence, GPS cannot be used for underwater marine navigation or underground surveys like mines or tunnels. Similarly, in areas of skyscrapers or high surrounding terrain, the number of visible satellites or signal strength can fall below acceptable strength hampering GPS functioning. GPS Signal Integrity Monitoring. Since the datum for all calculations is GPS satellite, wrong satellite positions or wrong range measurements from satellites can be potentially disastrous. Thus GPS Integrity Channel (GIC) and Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) are two schemes to accurately monitor integrity of signal information and warn the receiver whenever a conflict situation exists. GPS Signal Accuracy. A GPS receiver normally measures time taken for a signal to arrive at the receiver and converts it into range information. This measurement can be corrupted in many ways called collectively as User Equivalent Range error (UERE). These are corrected by directly deducting the known error from the calculations or reduce these errors by changing the way we make measurements. Uncorrected errors creep into the calculations causing different kinds of inaccuracies or errors affecting performance of the receiver. The future looks good with intense competition among world players to have their own GPS, mainly due to security aspirations. Russia, Europe and Japan are currently in advanced stage of system development/testing and many other regional countries are thinking about their own GPS. This would also lead to better accuracy and world wide acceptance of GPS for commercial and city use. The advantages would be better prices, more redundancy especially in the field of aviation and extensive market penetration due to hand held ground based GPS. The

Automation of Condenser and Radiator Tube Stacking

Automation of Condenser and Radiator Tube Stacking Introduction: CE 3.1: This career episode will focus on my final project carried out to satisfy the credentials required to complete my undergraduate degree. I was able to understand the process of automation cleaning process rather than the standard manual process. I understood the use of CATIA software in designing and developing the models for the project. I was able to enhance my communication and written skills. Background:Â   CE 3.2: Visteon Automotive India Private Ltd mainly concentrates on the quality of their product. The problem criteria related with the post tube milling process that is the condenser and radiator tube cleaning. The present cleaning method is done manually. Limitations of the present method are that the tubes are produces at high speeds (for example 240 tubes/ min). It is not possible to control the rate of production of the tubes, so it requires more manpower for the cleaning process. It leads to many disadvantages such as erosion in tubes, stacking of tubes is difficult, more manpower is required, remains of burrs and coolant, more time is required for the entire process. CE 3.3: This project is aimed to design an automation process for this ongoing issue. A few concepts were modelled in CATIA. Only one concept was accepted by Visteon for which complete modelling, drafting and costing was done. Since the concept meets the requirements it would benefit Visteon in terms of automation, less manpower, customer satisfaction, work accuracy and cost effective process. CE 3.4: The following activities were essential to successful competition of the project: Completion of the project within the timeframe given by the professor. Have brain storming sessions with project supervisor on how to carry out the work. I read books and conducted a literature review on material properties and selection. Discuss with lab technicians on the parts required for designing the automation process. Carry out the necessary designs using CATIA software Calculate the material cost along with its dimensions. The project documentation was completed which presented my finding and the results to the project supervisor and the faculty. CE 3.5: The hierarchy of the project is shown below: Personal Engineering Activity: CE 3.6: As part of the final project we were formed in groups of three. I along with my team members were assigned to a project supervisor. After a few brainstorming sessions, our supervisor suggested to visit Visteon Automotive and find out a problem criteria. After careful observation and planning myself and my team members decided to develop an automatic tube stacking and cleaning process for the condenser and radiator. This project helped in reducing the overall costs, labour required and better cleaning quality. CE 3.7: This was a challenging project; the first step was to understand the procedure carried out my manual cleaning. I conducted a literature review on the manual process and its advantages and disadvantages along with the material properties and selection. The project supervisor helped in understanding the major requirements: Automated stacking of tubes Automated loading of tubes in trays/bins Automated cleaning process either through blowing process or suction I suggested the project guide that we use CATIA software as it has better 3D visualization for which the project guide agreed and asked to carry out the design of the automation process. CE 3.8: Myself and my team members carried out different designs which would help in the automation process. I have encountered a few limitations in our designs and approached the supervisor with the findings. The supervisor was impressed with the findings and suggested to talk to one of the employee of Visteon Automotive to help us with the problem. The main limitations encountered while designing are as follows: Tubes with different dimensions cannot be arranged. Since the tubes are produced at 240 pieces/min (average) it is very difficult to arrange in a single plane. Slip of tubes may occur frequently. Cleaning is not done completely. Frequent monitoring is required. Thereby increasing the labour cost. CE 3.9: After careful planning and taking into consideration the key points myself and my team members were able to produce a design for the automation process and has fulfilled the major requirements. The process begins as the tubes from hopper are collected Tubes get collected in stacker 1 which are balanced by and remains there until a certain amount is filled (approx. 100 tubes). As the amount is achieved, plate A opens and the tubes get into stacker 2. As soon as the certain amount reaches stacker 2, the plate A again closes to hold the remaining tubes. The movable walls lock the tubes in stacker 2 and with the help of a linear rotary clamp cylinder (900 cylinders), the stacker bends down to the bin position. The movable walls retract, then arm A comes in contact, takes the bin to the cleaning area, cleaning process takes place and the same arm drops the bin in the unloading area. Finally, the product is unloaded manually. CE 3.10: Once the design was approved the next step was to fabricate the parts required for the model. I took the initiative to list all the parts required for the model. After which our supervisor suggested the materials required for the parts. I also carried out the material cost for parts requiring fabrication. The costs for other parts were calculated and the entire estimate was made. The Bill of Materials includes the details about the material used; density of the respective material used, dimensions such as length, breadth, thickness, diameter, mass, and volume are indicated. CE 3.11: The following are the key aspects from my analysis: The problems in manual cleaning of condenser and radiator tubes are erosion in tubes; stacking of tubes is difficult; more manpower is required; remains of burrs and coolant; more time is required for the entire process. Suction unit was provided with an adjustable linear guide so that the unit can be adjusted according to the tube dimensions. Cylinder mechanism was provided to transfer tubes from stacker 1 and 2 in order to reduce tube damage. L clamp structures were provided for cylinders as holding devices to reduce space. The final concept meets all the requirements such as automated stacking; automated loading of tubes in bins and automated cleaning. It would benefit them in terms of automation, less manpower, customer satisfaction and work accuracy. Summary: CE 3.12: The project was completed within the timeframe given due to proper planning and has met the requirements. I had discussions with lab assistants to understand different tools of the CATIA software. I strengthened my communication and written skills along with analytical ability by working on the design of the automatic tube stacking and cleaning process. The results of the projects were documented and submitted to the project guide.

Brotherhood in “Sonny’s Blues” Essay

Since I was a small child, around two years old, I have had the privilege and sometimes the complete terror of being an older brother. This has been a rewarding experience for me, and has given me many learning opportunities and teaching opportunities in my fairly short life. Because of my experience as an older brother I was more fully able to understand and appreciate the struggles and triumphs that the two brothers in â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† endured. While I have never personally had to deal with the extreme experiences and responsibilities that the narrator dealt with, I can still relate simply as an older brother myself. Throughout the short story I found myself questioning how I would deal with Sonny if he were my brother. I finally came to the conclusion that if I had dealt with Sonny, I would have probably handled him in nearly the same way as the narrator did. While I questioned his judgment at times, I feel that the older brother played his role well or at least to the best of his ability. Regardless of how the narrator dealt with his brother the final outcome is the most important aspect of the story, and it shows that brotherhood is capable of overcoming hardship and misunderstanding because it is so important in regard to human survival and success. The fact that brotherhood prevails over all things is an important theme, and one that rings so very true. The first struggle that the reader is introduced to in â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† is the distinct age difference between Sonny and his older brother. â€Å"The seven years’ difference in our ages lay between us like a chasm. I wondered if these years would ever operate between us as a bridge.† (Baldwin, 44 – hereafter referred to as page number only) The so-called â€Å"chasm† is the hurdle that must be cleared in the story, and that â€Å"clearing of the hurdle† is the key to forming a solid, emotional relationship between the brothers. The â€Å"bridge† is finally formed when the narrator attends Sonny’s performance at the jazz club. The fact that we get to see the interaction between the two brothers is important, but even more important is that the reader sees the narrator’s realization of his brother’s talent in the first person. This allows us to feel how deeply it touches the narrator, and gives us a perspective of his overflowing of emotion. â€Å"For, while the tale of how we suffer, and how we are delighted, and how we  may triumph is never new, it always must be heard. There isn’t any other tale to tell, it’s the only light we’ve got in all this darkness.† (61) This particular passage was very striking to me, because it showed that the narrator finally realized that Sonny had a story too. He realizes that Sonny has suffered, but he has also triumphed many times, and in many ways. The narrator had a blanketing view of Sonny, in which Sonny could never be successful at anything. While Sonny is playing he tells his brother that they are more alike than they know, and that they both have the same story, just with different details. The brothers have finally found a bond, a common thread, and that is one of the most important things that brothers can have. James Baldwin was a writer of his past. He used his personal experiences to more effectively write his detailed and emotional stories and essays. One important aspect to his writing in general, but more specifically in his early stories is poverty stricken Harlem, New York. Baldwin uses personal experiences and opinions to make his characters a part of the Harlem he lived through. The idea that Harlem is in a vicious cycle of destroying generation after generation, and the constant desire of youth to find a way out are two very important themes in â€Å"Sonny’s Blues.† Harlem is a place that repeats itself over and over, like a scratched record. Yet no one is willing to help the other out. For each generation the tragedy of Harlem is new, for the older people are reluctant to inform the young ones of the condition of the black race (Goldman, 1). The narrator repeatedly observes that nothing has changed across generations, not the buildings or the lives of those who grow up in them† (McBride, 201). The narrator also compares Sonny’s heroin addiction to prison and then compares them both to Harlem, truly showing the dire situation that he and his brother find themselves in. The restriction and oppression of Harlem is an important element in explaining the stranglehold that is on their lives from the time they are young. It is a theme that I wish Baldwin would have explored more because the environment a child is placed in is very important to the kind of person they become in life. In some ways I was disappointed with the way in which the narrator dealt with Sonny and his heroin addiction. I found it questionable that he waited until after his daughter’s death to write to Sonny. But at the same time, this provides a great example of his inherent need for his brother in his time of hurt. The narrator was in need of Sonny to help him through his tough time, and maybe at the same time realized his own failures to Sonny when he was struggling himself. The most important thing that comes from the letter to Sonny was that contact was finally made, which is the first and most important step to rekindling the brotherhood. While music becomes the integral part of bringing the brothers back together, it had a shaky start as a part of their relationship. Sonny had started playing the piano while living at his brother’s in-laws. He became quite talented but heroin addiction got in his way, and eventually tripped him up. One important conversation the brothers had was after their mother’s funeral, Sonny’s brother notes: â€Å"I simply couldn’t see why on earth he’d want to spend his tine hanging around nightclubs, clowning around on bandstands, while people pushed each other around a dance floor. (50)† Readers understand how indifferent and ignorant the narrator is in regard to Sonny’s music. Sonny’s brother dissents with Sonny’s idea of making a living as a musician and insists he should finish school first. Finally, Sonny’s frustration explodes, â€Å"He slammed the window so hard I thought the glass would fly out, and turned back to me. ‘And I’m sick of the stink of these garbage cans! (52)'† The narrator describes the feelings and emotions of this exchange vividly so the reader understands the strong emotions and disagreement that exists. We see the difference in attitudes about life and music, which deepens the â€Å"chasm† between them. This difference leads to the long span of silence and misunderstanding. The silence is finally broken after the narrator’s daughter dies of polio. Sonny’s brother writes him in prison, breaking himself out of his emotional defense towards his brother. â€Å"My trouble made his real (55),† states the narrator speaking of his letter and the new contact. The first step is taken, and from there the relationship starts building new foundations. Finally, after Sonny leaves prison, he comes to visit his brother in Harlem.  When Sonny comes home the narrator momentarily feels â€Å"that icy dread again† as he watches his brother for signs of drug addiction, hating himself for being so suspicious but unable to prevent it (Bernardo, 1). This begins the road back to a true brotherhood for Sonny and the narrator, despite the questions that Sonny may be asked by his brother and the questionable future he may have. While Sonny is visiting his brother in Harlem, the two brothers take a walk and happen upon a street revival where a group of musicians are playing. The brothers stop to listen, and the reader is given the suggestion that the brothers seem to come to a realization while listening. While watching, the narrator states that the music â€Å"seemed to soothe a poison out of them† which suggests his understanding of Sonny’s need for music. This scene then leads to Sonny’s invitation for his brother to come watch him play at the jazz club (Goldman, 232). Later that evening when Sonny and his brother arrive at the club the narrator is stricken by the celebrity that Sonny seems to hold at the club. Sonny’s brother notes: â€Å"It turned out that everyone at the bar knew Sonny, or almost everyone; there were some musicians, working there, or nearby, or not working, some where simply hangers-on, and some were there to see Sonny play. I was introduced to all of them, and they were all very polite to me. Yet it was clear that, for them, I was only Sonny’s brother. Here, I was in Sonny’s world. Or rather, his kingdom. Here it was not even a question that his veins bore royal blood.† (59) This statement alone is telling of the humbling experience Sonny’s brother is about to endure. He has finally realized that there is more to Sonny than heroin, piano, and failure. He is a successful person and he has a distinct and impressive talent for playing the jazz piano. Finally the music begins, and as Sonny is sitting at his piano, slightly illuminated by an indirect light, the adventure starts for both Sonny and his brother. The first set is not one in which Sonny triumphs, but in the second, begun with â€Å"Am I Blue,† he takes the lead and begins to form a  musical creation. He becomes, in the narrators words, â€Å"part of the family again† (61). The family that he joins is questionable, but I believe it is truly both families. He joins the family of jazz players, from whom he has been gone for so long, but he also rejoins his namesake family and reinstates his place with his brother. The set continues, with Sonny expressing himself with wildly flowing statements on his piano. He is dripping with sweat, dripping with the loss of his pent up emotion and his relief of finally getting to play for his brother. The jazz begins to take on deeper meaning for the brothers, and the life they have led becomes one life, theirs as brothers. They no longer lived as individuals with separate lives and understandings. They finally reached an understanding of each other that only brothers could have between themselves. The music is simply a vehicle for arriving there. The description Baldwin gives of the musical exchange is a work of beauty in itself. It is a statement of the power of the artist as a poet, the power of the musician. The ability to create out of oneself, to take the chaos of the world – especially the world Sonny lives in – into the self and represent it as the universal narrative (McBride, 200). The passage would not be nearly as effective if there had only been a simple overview of the scene. He brings music and emotion and brotherhood all together in one tight little package, making for one of the most moving scenes in American literature. The final scene in â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† is striking and is dripping with real life emotion. The idea that one set of blues can bring together two brothers who have not talked in years is amazing, but so very true. The brothers have nothing in common between them apart from the same parents but they are forced through familial obligation to push aside those differences and show compassion and understanding for each other. These are the enduring qualities of brotherhood and they show that no matter how hard a person may try they still are in need of family. This desire within the two brothers brings them together and allows them to truly understand what being a brother is really all about. The differences in the brothers eventually lead to their similarities and that is an amazing thing. Brotherhood transcends time, age, intelligence, failure, success, and grief. It is more than a  choice and it is more than an obligation. Brotherhood is carnal and never-ending, and â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† captures the essence of brotherhood beautifully.

Free Appropriate Public Education Essay

One of the six aspects of IDEA is Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE). FAPE is technically defined as a â€Å"Special education and related services that are provided at public expense, under public supervision and direction, and without charge; meet SEA; include preschool, elementary, or secondary school education; and are provides through an individualized education program (IEP)†. (Mandlawitz, 2007)An individualized educational plan (IEP) that is designed to meet the child’s unique needs and from which the child receives educational benefits and prepares them for farther education, employment, and independent living. These unique education needs includes â€Å"Mastery of academic subjects and basic skills, Social, health, emotional, physical, and vocational needs, and functioning and self-help sills†. (Jalvarado) FAPE consist of an education that meets the individual needs of the child, the child with the disability must be educated with students without disabilities, an evaluation and placement decisions must be made appropriately. IDEA does not explain the exact meaning of the term â€Å"appropriate†. Parents and schools interpret this term uniquely which has resulted in countless court cases. This aspect of IDEA has be one of the most challenged out of all six because there are so many places of misunderstanding and loop holes that allow for some school districts to slip through. Even though this principle does mention the child should be in the least restrictive environment. This environment could vary from complete involvement in a classroom with children without disabilities, a separate classroom that has one on one help for the child and/or a combination of both. This environment is not truly known until an IEP is developed. The IEP would state the special education, related services, supplementary aids and services that will be provided for the child. This allows a child regardless of the severity of their disability to receive an education. It is important for families that have children with disabilities to know about FAPE because they may not know that there child is entitled to receive an education. FAPE is beneficial for families and their children to know their rights to receive an education. In, addition this could save families a lot of money that they may spend on special services or private schools that they could be receiving for free from the school district. For example a deaf child that may need a speech and auditory therapist and an interpreter these types of services could all be provided by the school district with no cost to the families in addition to the child’s normal academics. Also the children would become more social with peers and interacting with others that could not be learned in a confined area like home schooling and schools that isolate the child. The child would develop social skills that are desperately needed day to day to survive. FAPE is beneficial for parents because it could relieve stress that maybe caused by their misunderstanding of why their child is different and how to help them grow. The parent may also learn things about their child that they did not know like their child is very motivated to learn, enjoys working in groups, and is very inquisitive. These characteristics about this child would not have been known if their child was not put into public schooling. Educators also play a part in the child and them receiving extra help provided under IDEA because they create the IEP and keep everyone up to date about the child’s improvements and problem areas. This aspect of IDEA impacts me as a future educator because it will force me to broaden my horizons and views of the â€Å"normal† classroom experience. Meaning, that there are not any students with LDs or disabilities in the class. Knowing that FAPE is a defining factor in the educational experience for children with disabilities will allow me to understand their exceptionalities and how effectively help them gain an education. In addition I will learn how to properly mainstream them into the classroom with other students. For example, I would figure out ways to decrease to possibility of labels and teasing by the other students because it was noticeable that the students were in special ed. classes. To prevent teasing caused by misunderstanding I would develop projects that would create learning experiences for students to learn that everyone is different in their own way. Also to explore these differences and focus more on their abilities and talents as an individual for students with and without exceptionalities. The students being combined could create new relationships between the disabled and normal students. Before this aspect of IDEA was created children with disabilities were segregated from the â€Å"normal† student. Knowing that there is large possibility that my classroom will consist of students each uniquely different it is important for me to well informed and educated. So that I will be able to effectively educate my students.

Calvin Klein Essays - Calvin Klein, Warnaco Group, Free Essays

Calvin Klein Essays - Calvin Klein, Warnaco Group, Free Essays In Back to the Future, Marty McFly goes by the name Calvin Klein after he is called that by his fifties mother because he is wearing CK underwear. On Family Guy, Klein is seen asking to use Stewie in one of his ads. When Peter feels unsure, Brian states "Peter, this is heterosexual fashion designer Calvin Klein," referencing the homosexual stereotype of male fashion designers. 1. Calvin Richard Klein born November 19, 1942, in The Bronx, New York Developed a passion for fashion and drawing at age of 14 2. EDUCATION Studied at Manhattans Fashion Institute of Technology, but never graduated Attanded the High school of Art and Design, gratuaded from it when he was 18 4. BUSINESS Launched his own clothing company with childhood friend Barry Schwartz With Kleins designs and Schwartzs financialbacking, a fashion empire was born Hes been designing sportswear since the 1970s The first Calvin Klein jeans were introduced in 1972 Started selling his own CK brand underwear when he was 40 5. PARFUMES Sinece the late 80s First: Obsession and Eternity 6. COSMETICS since the 1990s launched his own CK brand cosmetics and make-up at the age of 55 only sold in the best department stores such as Harrods, in London, and Bloomingdales in New York 7. Calvin Klein has been awarded Coty Award - 1973,1974,1975 Council of Fashion Designers of America Award - 1982,1983,1986 CDFA (Council for Fashion Designers of America) award - 1993 Americas Best Designer of 1993 Award Key Dates: 1968: The Calvin Klein brand is launched. 1973: Klein wins his first Coty American Fashion Critics Award. 1979: Calvin Klein controls one-fifth of the designer jeans market. 1982: Klein enters the underwear business. 1985: A new perfume called Obsession is launched with a $17 million advertising campaign. 1989: A Unilever Co. subsidiary purchases the Calvin Klein cosmetics/fragrance line. 1994: A unisex fragrance, cKone, is introduced; the companys underwear business is licensed to Warnaco Group Inc. 2000: Klein files suit against Warnaco Group and its CEO Linda Wachner. 2003: Calvin Klein is acquired by Phillips-Van Heusen Corporation. Quick Facts BORN IN The Bronx FATHER Flore Stern SIBLINGS Barry Klein, Alexis Klein SPOUSES Jayne Centre Klein, Kelly Rector CHILDREN Marci Klein EDUCATION Fashion Institute of Technology High School of Art and Design FOUNDER/CO-FOUNDER Calvin Klein NET WORTH $700 Million Following His graduation from the High School of Art and Design, Calvin Klein studied clothing design at Manhattans Fashion Institute of Technology. Inspired by the new and unaffected style of New Yorks city youngster, Klein was ready to start his own clothing company in 1968. With financial aid from a childhood friend Klein hired a dressmaker to make a some of his elegant womans coats and dresses. This merchandise was seen in a dirty showroom by a merchandise administrator from Bonwit Teller. The department store purchased $50,000 worth of apparel and displayed samples in eight windows, kicking of Kleins career. By 1970, Calvin Klein acquired a trademark for his infamous CK trade mark. Soon thereafter, Klein received the Coty Award, a prestigious design award, three continuous years in a row in 1973, 1974, and 1975. In addition, he added many product lines and categories and obtained models such as Brooke Shields and Mark Wahlberg. These models careers took off after their Calvin Kl ein debut because the brand has received much recognition over the years for its sleek, classic, and minimal look. By 2003 Phillips-Van Heusen purchased the company where Calvin Klein remained active within the company as a head designer. The company continues to offer a variety of products to a wide target market. The Calvin Klein brand, owned by Phillips-Van Heusen Corporation, covers a wide variety of product classifications. Designer Calvin Klein made his debut at a small New York showroom with coats and dresses for women in 1968. Kleins first designs represented a city chic style of a young woman living and working in New York. These designs were noticed in the apparel industry, and a successful brand name was founded in that small showroom. The next product line from Calvin Klein was womens sportswear, which attracted the interests of popular fashion magazines Bazaar and Vogue. Klein has included sportswear for 5 women in his seasonal lines since the original line was launched . The trademark product of the Calvin Klein brand came out in 1970 and has been the most popular

The Ideal Government through the View of Political Essays

The Ideal Government through the View of Political Essays The Ideal Government through the View of Political Philosophers Taylor McCauslin Jonathon Kreger November 25, 2015 Columbus State Community College Abstract The objective herein is to examine the ideal government through the view of three political philosophers, namely James Harrington, John Stuart Mill, and Thomas Aquinas. In their analysis of the most important elements for an ideal government, all three philosophers agree that issues related to the economy, tax, demographic representatives, the use of formalized rules, bureaucracy, and hierarchical authority are crucial in attaining their goal. While there are some similarities between the descriptions of an ideal government by the three philosophers, there are also glaring differences. While James Harrington argues that an ideal government is a small democracy, for example, Thomas Aquinas champions for a just monarchy. John Stuart Mill however, asserts that an ideal government is that which successfully attains two major goals: the enhancement of mental qualities and qualities of the personality within a nation's citizens. Key Words: Economy, Tax, Demographic Representatives, Formalized Rules, Bureaucracy, Hierarchical Authority James Harrington (1611-1677) James Harrington, in Oceana, a republican utopia, described what he thought was the ideal government (Harrington, 1656). In his descriptions, Harrington suggested that an ideal government is a small scale democracy which undertakes property owning. Harrington (1656) argued that such a government would not only be stable but also just. In such a government no person would be allowed to own or possess information worth more than 2,000 (Hopfl, 2004). Moreover, in regards to economy, referring to all processes of trade and consumption of products by the inhabitants of a distinct locality, Harrington's ideal government ascertained that only individuals who own property would be allowed to participate in government issues. In a similar manner to Aristotle, Harrington was convinced that the ideal government must be characterized by agricultural democracy (Hopfl, 2004). Harrington's views on tax and taxation were that the Agrarian law should be used to ensure that no person or group becomes too wealthy such that it interferes with the political balance of a state (Hopfl, 2004). Tax refers to the levies or tolls that are imposed by government on its citizens. Harrington was of the view that political issues such as tyranny and the oppression of one group by another arise when a single group possess all property. Wealth in such a state is determined by land ownership (Hopfl, 2004). In regards to demographic representation and bureaucracy, Harrington argued that an ideal government should be typified with religious tolerance, rotation of office and the use of secret ballot to select representatives (Harrington, 1656). While demographic representation is the tendency by selected individuals to stand for the interests and wishes of a larger group in a government, bureaucracy is a form of government where almost all decisions are made by government officers rather than elected representatives. This would eliminate too much variation in decision as we so often see today. However, there may not be as much interest in relation to the people in this form of government. John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) Mill describes an ideal government as that which successfully attains two major goals: enhancing the virtue and intelligence of citizens and the promotion of good qualities for the attainment of common interests in the long run (Lipkes, 1999). Mill was of the view that government is not only aimed at enhancing and producing the highest level of pleasure for its citizens but also to ensure that citizens are continuously educated in order for them to pursue higher level mental pleasures rather than lower ones. In order to achieve this objective, Mill argued that government should be guided by formalized rules. Formalized rules are legal regulations or decrees that govern the behavior of all individuals under their authority. Mill also argued that a good government is that which encourages and supports active participation by all voters. Mill described the worst type of government as that which compels its electorates to remain passively obedient and conform to the wishes of the ruling elite. Though this was probably because he was affiliated with Utilitarianism, Mill argued that an ideal government is that which could bring about maximal aggregate utility (Letwin, 1965). This clearly represents his wishes to attain contentedness within the people. Mill however agreed that the process of development by humans occurs in different phases and that different forms of government are suitable for different peoples and diverse stages of advancement which ultimately meant that he felt as though people should be put into different environments based on which their personality and skills would thrive the best in. While savages are