Math Disablities in 4th & 5th Graders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Math Disablities in 4th & 5th Graders - Essay Example It is an important issue never the less and teachers need to be aware of the complexities of dyscalculia and how to work with students. Using appropriate interventions will make the difference for the student. To do this is not as easy as there is a wide range of math disabilities and the difficulties vary from student to student. What is math disability? Even attempting to define math disability is not straightforward. Definitions vary. Wadlington and Wadlington (2008) defined dyscalculia as â€Å"a neurologically based disorder of mathematical abilities†. They further explain that it â€Å"originates as a genetic or congenital disorder of the brain and causes a discrepancy between an individual’s general cognitive level and mathematical abilities† (p. ). Vaidya (2004) states that dyscalculia is â€Å"characterized by a poor understanding of the number concept and the number system†. (p.717). She presents some of the common areas where math disability is manifested including counting, giving and receiving change, learning abstract concepts of time and direction. Developmental dyscalculia is the term sometimes used to describe math disabilities. Shalev (2004) defines developmental dyscalculia as â€Å"a specific learning disability affecting the normal acquisition of arithmetic sk ills in spite of normal intelligence, emotional stability, scholastic opportunity and motivation†. (p.766). Three subtypes of dyscalculia have been identified. One is the difficulty retrieving arithmetic facts, called semantic memory; another is the difficulty in understanding and applying math procedures, called procedural memory; and the third is difficulty understanding spatially represented numerical information, called visuospatial memory. (Wadlington and Wadlington, 2008). In general children with dyscalculia find learning and recalling number facts difficult. As a consequence of the difficulty in defining math disabilities, diagnosing is also a

The brand strategies which Toyota May Adopt to improve tarnished brand Essay - 2

The brand strategies which Toyota May Adopt to improve tarnished brand image - Essay Example The domestic markets have turned into global markets that heightened competition rivalry among existing domestic and new multinational enterprises. Since last two decades, the society has been experiencing a rapid technological improvement. The technological advancements have led to change the structure of entire trade and business. The management tasks and operational process are now backed with technology like e-commerce and e-business. A better grip of technological advancement helps a business organisation to gain an upper hand position. Finally, enhancing economic condition of consumers and increasing their disposable income have strengthened their purchasing power. This has also changed their consumer buying behaviours and they have developed their specific brand preferences (Vashisht, 2005, p.68). In the modern and competitive business world, business organisations always try to position itself in market for avoiding unnecessary competitions. In this process they aim to achiev e strong competitive advantages and core competencies that enable them to gain upper hand position in the market. ... her explains that the objective of branding is not just to protect yourself as being better than your competitors, but branding seeks to position your brand so uniquely in the minds of your consumers so that they perceive your product as the only possible solution to your problem or need (Morita, 2010). The objectives of good branding are as follows: Deliver message clearly Confirm credibility Connect target prospects emotionally Motivates buyers Concretes User Loyalty The increasing demands of brand development is due to two primary factors i.e. urge for acquiring higher market share and increasing concern towards consumer value (Verma, 2009). The modern management style and thought process of decision makers have transformed. The modern management concept focuses more on long term benefits by creating a sustainable businesses environment where stakeholders’ wealth and value creation is the first priority. When a company is able to meet these responsibilities towards stakehol ders, society, community and environment, it is able to create a high brand image in the market. Managements in modern organisation culture follow management theories and models which are very effective in achieving common organisational goal. In this respect, they concentrate on two-way communicational system within cross-functional teams and with their consumers. For example, the existing management system deliberately tries to implement integrated marketing communication that focuses on better marketing strategy for enhancing consumer values. These efforts made by the modern managements are very helpful in brand development and hence, they try to draft specific plans for branding strategies (Hitt et al 2009). Recently in 2010, Toyota faced a great deal of tarnishing of its brand image because