Kant s Concept Of Categorical Impairment - 1371 Words

Immanuel Kant, a well-known eighteenth century German philosopher, offers a more convincing theory of justice than that supported by utilitarian or Lockean theory by defining what it means to act autonomously. Autonomy, meaning self-govern, regards to ones actions as being a result of their own free will. Although Kant attempted to look for another way for people to be good outside of religion, he believed that people had natural rights that were god given. Kant is best known for his idea of categorical imperative. Essentially this means do to others, as you would like others to do to you. A central theory Kant had was that it is important to treat people as an end of themselves rather than means of an end. It was Kant’s idea of treating†¦show more content†¦The second thing to consider when becoming familiar with categorical imperative is to understand if people are ends in themselves or means to an end. According to Immanuel Kant, every person must be treated as an end rather than a means to an end. What this means is that you are never allowed to manipulate anyone no matter what. Kant’s idea of people being an end rather than means to an end was contrary to utilitarianism. Those such as Jeremy Bentham, the founder of the doctrine of utilitarianism, focuses on the greater good. Kant did not believe in this idea of the greater good, instead he thought that each person was their own rational agent and that no one person may be manipulated to achieve the goals of another. Therefore, Kant believed that lying should never be done, under no circumstance, for any reason. The main idea behind utilitarianism is the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Contrary to Kant, this allows for people to be means to an end rather than an end in themselves. One of the major down falls with utilitarianism is that it disregards individual rights. In the case of Christians who were thrown to lions during ancient Roman times for pleasure of the crowd, those who were being thrown to lions were means to an end rather than an end in themselves. The same applies for the example of the four sailors. One of the four sailors was a young man, the other three on the boat were older men, whoShow MoreRelatedSlavery in Chocolate Industry3505 Words   |  15 Pageswe dissect the impasse of a much-loved industry s unpleasant, inadvertent underside in an objective and comprehensive method, rigorously applying the ancient, contemporary, and modern theories of ethics in our analysis, and drawing on practical precedents and goings-on in the business world to reinforce abs traction with cases and results. SYNOPSIS Slavery is not an ancient artifact in our time, but a concealed certainty. Only 81 of the world s near 200 countries are signatories of United NationsRead MoreAppearance Discrimination in Employment22039 Words   |  89 Pagestheories to determine whether such discrimination can be seen as moral or immoral. Design/methodology/approach  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ It is a legal paper which covers all the laws related to discrimination based on look. Court cases and Americans laws related to this concept are reviewed and critically discussed. Findings  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The paper finds that appearance-based discrimination is not illegal in the USA so long as it does not violate civil rights laws. Research limitations/implications  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ This research is limited toRead MoreMoral Psychology : A Long Standing Rationalist Tradition3611 Words   |  15 Pagesmorally right or good, with different concepts of justice to organize social cooperation (Rest, 1986). 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An Introduction to Sociology

Justifying Reproductive Cloning For Logistical Motives Essay

Justifying Reproductive Cloning for Logistical Motives In this age of technology and innovation, what was once science fiction is now becoming a reality. Human reproductive cloning is on the forefront for providing prospective parents with a new mode of reproduction. However, with the concept of reproductive cloning comes an unprecedented set of ethical issues. Issues especially focused on how cloning may affect the child’s right to an open future are highlighted by philosophers such as Dena Davis. Davis takes a neutral stance on reproductive cloning and argues that it is morally impermissible when used for duplicative motives, but permissible when used for logistical motives. Duplicative motives are when â€Å"the genetic replication itself†¦ is the attraction† (Davis 160) and the parents wish for their child to be a mere copy of their donor. Logistical motivations are when the parents’ end goal â€Å"is simply to have a child† that is genetically related (Davis 159). Davis leaves the evaluation of such parental motives in the hands of healthcare professionals. Philosophers McGee and Wilmut add to Davis’ position, but call for a more holistic evaluation of parental motives and competency by following an adoption model. In this paper, I will support Davis’ argument on the moral permissibility of reproductive cloning under logistical motivations by addressing the main concerns that surround reproductive cloning. First, I shall reconstruct Davis’ argument in favor of reproductive cloning

The United States And The Civil Rights Crisis - 898 Words

The United States of America has the largest prison system in the world with over 2.2 million prisoners. 1,320,000 of those prisoners are blacks and hispanics. The justice system in the United States has unequal outcomes across racial groups. Although together they make up only 30% of the country’s population, black and hispanic men are 3 times more likely to end up behind bars for the same crime committed by white males, allowing them to make up 60% of the prison population. Private prisons, the War on Drugs and a civil rights crisis and are the main factors to why people of color are overrepresented in our prison systems. Private prisons continuously buy prisons in states all across the US. Once they buy these prisons and a contract is†¦show more content†¦This leads to a plethora of men and women being stopped constantly for no reason. Often a civilian is stopped solely on the basis of their skin color/stereotypes. To work properly, private prisons require full prisons as aforementioned, and the least expensive prisoner as possible. The 2012 ACLU report , relates that â€Å"it costs $68,270 to support a prisoner age 50 or older compared with $34,135 per year to house a non-geriatric prisoner† (ACLU,2012). In their contracts private prisons exempt themselves from having to accept older prisoners. This is why young men of color are filling up these private prisons in record numbers. Modern day prison systems guarantee monetary security for the corporations, rather than protect the public and rehabilitate the inmates. President Richard Nixon first used the term â€Å"The War on Drugs† in 1971. Since then little to nothing has been accomplished to stop drug use, trade and distribution. The Drug business is a multi-billion dollar enterprise that continues to thrive. A federal study conducted by â€Å"Monitoring the Future† reports that 85% of high school students found marijuana easy to obtain. (Williams,2011). Many believe it is nonsensical to spend billions of dollars on arrest of small time offenders who commit non-violent crimes, when in over 45 years nothing has improved. Initially, Federal law mandates five years in prison without possibility of parole for possession of 5 grams of crack or 3.5 ounces of heroin.

Tillie OlsenS free essay sample

Tillie Olsen? S # 8220 ; I Stand Here Ironing # 8221 ; And Alice Walker? S # 8220 ; Everyday Use # 8221 ; Essay, Research Paper Love and Acceptance Tillie Olsen? s I Stand Here Ironing, and Alice Walker? s Everyday Use, both address the issue of a female parent? s guilt over how her kids turn out. Both female parents blamed themselves for their girl? s jobs. While I Stand Here Ironing is evidently about the mousey girl, in Everyday Use this is camouflaged by the fact most of the action and duologue involves the female parent and older sister Dee. Neither does the female parent in Everyday Use say outright that she feels guilty, but we catch a glance of it when Dee is seeking really hard to claim the handmade comforters. The female parent says she did something she had neer done before, # 8220 ; hugged Maggie to me, # 8221 ; so took the comforters from Dee and gave them to Maggie. We will write a custom essay sample on Tillie OlsenS or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In I Stand Here Ironing the female parent tells us she feels guilty for the manner her girl Emily is, for the things she ( the female parent ) did and did non make. The female parent? s neighbor even tells her she should # 8220 ; smiling at Emily more when you look at her. # 8221 ; Again towards the terminal of the narrative Emily? s female parent admits # 8220 ; my wisdom came excessively late. # 8221 ; The female parents unwittingly gave Emily and Maggie 2nd best. Both female parents compare their two girls to each other. In Everyday Use the female parent tells us that # 8220 ; Dee is lighter than Maggie, with nicer hair and a Fuller figure. # 8221 ; She Fahning -2-speaks of the fire that burned and scarred Maggie. She tells us how Maggie is non bright, how she shuffles when she walks. Comparing her with Dee whose pess vwere ever neat-looking, as if God himself had shaped them. # 8221 ; We besides learn of Dee? s # 8220 ; manner # 8221 ; and the manner she awes the other misss at school with it. The female parent in I Stand Here Ironing speaks of Susan, # 8220 ; speedy and articulate and buttocks ured, everything in visual aspect and mode Emily was not.† Emily â€Å"thin and dark and foreign-looking at a clip when every small miss was supposed to look or believe she should look a chubby blonde reproduction of Shirley Temple.† Like Dee, Emily had a physical restriction besides. Hers was asthma. Both Emily and Maggie show resentment towards their sisters. The sisters who God rewarded with good expressions and poise. Emily? s female parent points out the # 8220 ; toxicant feeling # 8221 ; between the sisters, feelings she contributed to by her inability to equilibrate the # 8220 ; injuries and needs # 8221 ; of the two. In Everyday Use we see Maggie # 8220 ; eying her sister with a mixture of enviousness and awe. She thinks her sister has held life ever in the thenar of one manus, that # 8220 ; no # 8221 ; is a word the universe would neer state to her. # 8221 ; Maggie? s female parent seems to hold reinforced this by being unable to state no to Dee besides. This is what makes the point in the narrative when she eventually does state no ( sing the comforters ) such an of import minute in Maggie? s life. The attitude of the female parents towards the polished girls boundary lines on disdain. I believe this is more apparent in Everyday Use, demonstrated by the dream of the Television show. Besides the description of Dee reading to them, # 8220 ; burned us with a batch of cognition we Fahning -3-didn? t needfully necessitate to cognize, # 8221 ; and once more when she shoved # 8220 ; us off # 8230 ; like dimwits. # 8221 ; It? s besides pointed out that Dee and Susan are egoistic and selfish while Maggie and Emily are caring and giving. I think in the terminal both of the female parents realize their girls are okay the manner they are. They come to accept their girls restrictions and care for their quiet gifts. Not everyone can be polished and successful in secular ways. Possibly that? s why Maggie was smiling in the terminal, her female parent eventually accepted her as is.

Lucas V South Essay Research Paper Lucas free essay sample

Lucas V. South Essay, Research Paper Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council Charles Adams Problem: David H. Lucas purchased two beach front tonss on Isle of Palms in Charleston county in 1986 for 900,000 with purpose to subsequently construct one individual household place on each batch. The undermentioned twelvemonth when South Carolina conducted a study of the seashore line the rustlings showed that the beaches of South Carolina were critically gnawing. Due to the rustlings of the study South Carolina issued the Beachfront Management Act ( BMA ) . The act placed restraints on the use of land along the seashore line, and because the edifice line was moved inward Lucas # 8217 ; tonss were affected with no exclusions provided. When he bought those tonss the twelvemonth before that peculiar zone was non required to hold a license to construct. When Lucas went to construct the proper licenses were non given due to the BMA, and his tonss were deemed 95 % worthless. We will write a custom essay sample on Lucas V South Essay Research Paper Lucas or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Torahs: The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 Passed in order to protect the state coastline from eroding. The South Carolina Coastal Zone Management Act of 1977 Passed in order to protect the shoreline from eroding, preserve the beach and dune systems, and forestall farther coastal harm. And said that before building could take topographic point in any designated, environmentally sensitive # 8220 ; critical country # 8221 ; an proprietor had to obtain permission from the South Carolina Coastal Council. The South Carolina Beachfront Management Act of 1988 Passed to further implement the South Carolina Coastal Zone Management Act of 1977, and widen the # 8220 ; critical country # 8221 ; farther inland. Case: Lucas submitted his suit to the South Carolina tribunal of Common Pleas, and sued, avering that the Beachfront Management Act of 1988 had effected a pickings of the value of his belongings without merely compensation. The tribunal agreed that Lucas had suffered a entire loss of the value of his belongings and concluded that regulative taking had occurred. On entreaty, the South Carolina Supreme Court revised the determination, on the evidences that the BMA had been passed to forestall serious injury to the populace. Lucas petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to reexamine the instance and the Court sided with Lucas stating that the Beachfront Management Act of 1988 had non been designed to profit the province in obtaining land for public usage, but was to forestall injury to the populace. The Court ruled that Lucas suffered a pickings, and that his belongings was rendered valueless by South Carolina statue and that he was entitled to merely compensation as stated in the fifth and 1 4 diamonds of our Fundamental law. Significance: Although the South Carolina Supreme Court decided that province ordinances were designed to forestall serious public injury, the U.S. Supreme Court held that when a belongings proprietor suffered a pickings, there were no exclusions from common regulation ( the Takings Clause and the merely Compensation Clause ) . Furthermore, when the province of South Carolina amended its original legislative act by including commissariats that might allow limited building, the U.S. Supreme Court held that belongings proprietors must still be compensated. Even when statute law subsequently renders the initial act less restrictive, belongings proprietors still suffer from the original effects of a pickings, therefore, merely compensation must be rende ruddy. ( Mikula 518 ) Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council Charles Adams Problem: David H. Lucas purchased two beach front tonss on Isle of Palms in Charleston county in 1986 for 900,000 with purpose to subsequently construct one individual household place on each batch. The undermentioned twelvemonth when South Carolina conducted a study of the seashore line the rustlings showed that the beaches of South Carolina were critically gnawing. Due to the rustlings of the study South Carolina issued the Beachfront Management Act ( BMA ) . The act placed restraints on the use of land along the seashore line, and because the edifice line was moved inward Lucas # 8217 ; tonss were affected with no exclusions provided. When he bought those tonss the twelvemonth before that peculiar zone was non required to hold a license to construct. When Lucas went to construct the proper licenses were non given due to the BMA, and his tonss were deemed 95 % worthless. Torahs: The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 Passed in order to protect the state coastline from eroding. The South Carolina Coastal Zone Management Act of 1977 Passed in order to protect the shoreline from eroding, preserve the beach and dune systems, and forestall farther coastal harm. And said that before building could take topographic point in any designated, environmentally sensitive # 8220 ; critical country # 8221 ; an proprietor had to obtain permission from the South Carolina Coastal Council. The South Carolina Beachfront Management Act of 1988 Passed to further implement the South Carolina Coastal Zone Management Act of 1977, and widen the # 8220 ; critical country # 8221 ; farther inland. Case: Lucas submitted his suit to the South Carolina tribunal of Common Pleas, and sued, avering that the Beachfront Management Act of 1988 had effected a pickings of the value of his belongings without merely compensation. The tribunal agreed that Lucas had suffered a entire loss of the value of his belongings and concluded that regulative taking had occurred. On entreaty, the South Carolina Supreme Court revised the determination, on the evidences that the BMA had been passed to forestall serious injury to the populace. Lucas petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to reexamine the instance and the Court sided with Lucas stating that the Beachfront Management Act of 1988 had non been designed to profit the province in obtaining land for public usage, but was to forestall injury to the populace. The Court ruled that Lucas suffered a pickings, and that his belongings was rendered valueless by South Carolina statue and that he was entitled to merely compensation as stated in the fifth and 1 4 diamonds of our Fundamental law. Significance: Although the South Carolina Supreme Court decided that province ordinances were designed to forestall serious public injury, the U.S. Supreme Court held that when a belongings proprietor suffered a pickings, there were no exclusions from common regulation ( the Takings Clause and the merely Compensation Clause ) . Furthermore, when the province of South Carolina amended its original legislative act by including commissariats that might allow limited building, the U.S. Supreme Court held that belongings proprietors must still be compensated. Even when statute law subsequently renders the initial act less restrictive, belongings proprietors still suffer from the original effects of a pickings, therefore, merely compensation must be rendered. ( Mikula 518 )